Agent 2 vs. the Gray Lady: A Stress Test in Dehumanization
When AI annotations read better than the original reporting, perhaps it is time to rethink how we consume news. I, for one, would keep my NYT subscription if it were delivered in an AI-mediated format
There is nothing better than a New York Times story full of dehumanizing red herrings to test if Agent 2 has actually improved its detection of user effects — especially after the extraordinary step forward Agent 1 (the lesser brother) took with the help of Allan Bell's news schema.
Agent 2 passed the test and did not 'red card' the New York Times, even in a report that was full of slurs. It seems news can almost navigate the edge between informative and grotesque. I say 'almost' because the Times still collected a bunch of yellow cards. I can’t help but wonder if articles are still the best way to deliver information in the age of AI reproducibility.
I’m sorry to say it, but the piece annotated by Agent 2 is a better read than the original. Does the show really need to go on? Are the yellow cards necessary to hold users' attention? Why don’t we just feed our stories as bare-bones, verified, and verifiable 'modules' — or 'atoms' — into an API or MCP? We could then let LLMs pick them up and serve them to users without the yellow cards.
Segment 1
President Trump unleashed a xenophobic tirade against Somali immigrants on Tuesday, calling them “garbage” he does not want in the United States in an outburst that captured the raw nativism that has animated his approach to immigration.
- I will insist on using words and expressions that are loaded and evocative of a specific narrative.. Strongly charged descriptors frame Trump’s comments within a particular moral narrative beyond neutral reporting. Evidence: “xenophobic tirade”
- Severe dehumanizing or grotesque language appears in a quoted source; the agent only scores the journalist's handling, so it does not raise a red-card effect for the quote itself.
I will insist on using words and expressions that are loaded and evocative of a specific narrative.[1]
xenophobic tirade
flag · medium · conf 80%
Segment 2
Even for Mr. Trump — who has a long history of insulting Black people, particularly those from African countries — his outburst was shocking in its unapologetic bigotry. And it comes as he started a new ICE operation targeting Somalis in the Minneapolis-St. Paul region.
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Links the described bigotry directly to a new ICE operation, framing both within a single critical narrative without explicit sourcing. Evidence: “And it comes as he started a new ICE operation targeting Somalis”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
And it comes as he started a new ICE operation targeting Somalis
flag · medium · conf 78%
Segment 3
“These are people that do nothing but complain,” Mr. Trump said at the tail end of a cabinet meeting at the White House, during which he sometimes appeared to be fighting sleep. But when the subject turned to immigration, Mr. Trump made a point of lashing out.
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Phrase “made a point of lashing out” interprets intent and emotional tone rather than neutrally describing remarks. Evidence: “made a point of lashing out”
- I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale. Description of Trump “appeared to be fighting sleep” focuses on demeanor; public‑interest rationale for this level of physical detail is not explicit. Evidence: “during which he sometimes appeared to be fighting sleep”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
made a point of lashing out
flag · low · conf 72%
I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale[2]
during which he sometimes appeared to be fighting sleep
flag · low · conf 70%
Segment 4
“When they come from hell and they complain and do nothing but bitch, we don’t want them in our country. Let them go back to where they came from and fix it,” Mr. Trump added as Vice President JD Vance banged the table in encouragement.
- I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale. Detail that Vance “banged the table in encouragement” adds color and emotional imagery; justification in terms of public interest is not spelled out. Evidence: “banged the table in encouragement”
I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale[1]
banged the table in encouragement
flag · low · conf 68%
Segment 5
He said Somalia “stinks and we don’t want them in our country.” He described Representative Ilhan Omar, Democrat of Minnesota, who came to the United States from Somalia as a refugee and became a citizen 25 years ago, as “garbage.”
- Severe dehumanizing or grotesque language appears in a quoted source; the agent only scores the journalist's handling, so it does not raise a red-card effect for the quote itself.
No effects
Segment 6
“We could go one way or the other, and we’re going to go the wrong way if we keep taking in garbage into our country,” Mr. Trump said. “She’s garbage. Her friends are garbage. These aren’t people who work. These aren’t people who say, ‘Let’s go, come on, let’s make this place great.’”
No effects
Segment 7
Mr. Trump has used this kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics, including in his first term as president, when he demanded to know why the United States would accept immigrants from Haiti and African nations, which he described as “shithole countries,” rather than, say, Norway.
- I will assume users are familiar with the people I'm discussing and their perspectives, so I'll characterize them in a way that's consistent with established narratives. “This kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics” leans on an established narrative about Trump’s language without detailing scope or counterexamples. Evidence: “has used this kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics”
- Severe dehumanizing or grotesque language appears in a quoted source; the agent only scores the journalist's handling, so it does not raise a red-card effect for the quote itself.
I will assume users are familiar with the people I'm discussing and their perspectives, so I'll characterize them in a way that's consistent with established narratives[1]
has used this kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics
flag · low · conf 70%
Segment 8
But he has long been especially fixated on Somalis in the United States, and on Ms. Omar in particular.
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Describing him as “especially fixated” interprets motive and intensity without explicit sourcing or quantification. Evidence: “has long been especially fixated on Somalis”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
has long been especially fixated on Somalis
flag · low · conf 72%
Segment 9
“His obsession with me is creepy,” Ms. Omar wrote in a post shortly after the cabinet meeting. “I hope he gets the help he desperately needs.”
No effects
Segment 10
Mr. Trump has seized on immigration as a potent political weapon, demonizing immigrants and equating them with crime and disease. He often returns most furiously to the topic when he is on the defensive, as he is now, over issues like the economy and the Epstein files.
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Narration links his rhetoric to being “on the defensive” over specific issues, constructing a strategic narrative without explicit evidence in-text. Evidence: “when he is on the defensive, as he is now, over issues like the economy and the Epstein files”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
when he is on the defensive, as he is now, over issues like the economy and the Epstein files
flag · medium · conf 80%
Segment 11
On Tuesday, when asked about Mr. Trump appearing to doze off in the cabinet meeting, his press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, pointed to his remarks about the Somalis, which she described as an “epic moment.”
No effects
Segment 12
Mr. Trump significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance after the shooting of two National Guard members in Washington last week, by a gunman identified by the authorities as an Afghan national.
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. “Significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance” is an interpretive summary of policy/ rhetoric without detailed evidence in this sentence. Evidence: “significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance
flag · low · conf 72%
Segment 13
Since Mr. Trump took office for a second time, his administration has sealed the country to refugees around the world, including to Somalis, reserving a limited number of slots for mostly white South African Afrikaners.
No effects
Segment 14
The mayors of Minneapolis and St. Paul said on Monday that they found Mr. Trump’s remarks about Somali immigrants to be reckless and dangerous.
No effects
Segment 15
“The words that founded this country start with the words ‘We the People,’” said Mayor Melvin Carter of St. Paul. “The sacred moments in American history are the moments when we have to decide who the ‘we’ is. Who gets to be included in the ‘we.’ Do we mean Black people? Do we mean women? Do we mean immigrants?”
No effects
Segment 16
Mr. Trump began his cabinet meeting on Tuesday by complaining about the coverage of his schedule and questions about his physical stamina after he appeared to doze off in the Oval Office last month.
No effects
Segment 17
As cabinet officials took turns mixing a summary of their agency’s work with flattery for the president, Mr. Trump appeared restless, tired and at times uninterested. He occasionally leaned back in his chair and repeatedly narrowed and closed his eyes.
- I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale. Extended description of Trump’s demeanor and eye movements emphasizes physical weakness; public‑interest justification is not explicitly given. Evidence: “flattery for the president, Mr. Trump appeared restless, tired and at times uninterested.”
I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale[1]
flattery for the president, Mr. Trump appeared restless, tired and at times uninterested.
flag · medium · conf 78%
Segment 18
But then, when a reporter asked Mr. Trump about how Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota handled a fraud scheme in his state, Mr. Trump used the opportunity to reset the conversation.
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. “Used the opportunity to reset the conversation” interprets Trump’s intent and strategy rather than neutrally describing a topic change. Evidence: “used the opportunity to reset the conversation”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
used the opportunity to reset the conversation
flag · low · conf 70%
Segment 19
“Walz is a grossly incompetent man,” Mr. Trump said. “There’s something wrong with him. There’s something wrong with him. And when you look at what he’s done with Somalia, with Somalia, which is barely a country.”
No effects
Segment 20
Mr. Trump and his aides have in recent days focused on an investigation into fraud that had taken place in pockets of the Somali diaspora in Minnesota to make broad assertions about the community. Federal prosecutors charged dozens of people with felonies, accusing them of stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from a government program meant to keep children fed during the Covid-19 pandemic.
- I will generalize from a few anecdotes to imply a broader trend. Reporter notes Trump uses fraud cases in “pockets” to make “broad assertions about the community,” but does not quantify how representative those cases are. Evidence: “pockets of the Somali diaspora in Minnesota to make broad assertions about the community”
I will generalize from a few anecdotes to imply a broader trend[1]
pockets of the Somali diaspora in Minnesota to make broad assertions about the community
flag · low · conf 70%
Segment 21
On Thursday, Mr. Trump said that Somalis were “taking over” Minnesota and that Somali gangs were “roving the streets looking for ‘prey.’”
No effects
Segment 22
Mr. Trump added that Ms. Omar was “always wrapped in her swaddling hijab” and that Mr. Walz was “seriously retarded” for welcoming immigrants from Somalia.
No effects
Segment 23
His top officials have also used dehumanizing language against immigrants. On Monday, Kristi Noem, the homeland security secretary, said she recommended that Mr. Trump enact “a full travel ban on every damn country that’s been flooding our nation with killers, leeches, and entitlement junkies.”
- I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Labeling officials’ language as “dehumanizing” in reporter voice is an interpretive frame, though supported by the quoted terms. Evidence: “have also used dehumanizing language against immigrants”
I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative[1]
have also used dehumanizing language against immigrants
flag · medium · conf 76%
Segment 24
Robert Pape, a professor at University of Chicago who has studied political violence for 30 years, said such language from the Trump administration was dangerous.
No effects
Segment 25
“They’re not just like nasty metaphors — they’re especially dehumanizing metaphors,” Mr. Pape said. “‘Garbage.’ You’re not thinking of something that is human, you’re thinking of it as something that can be easily thrown away, so that is exactly the kind of metaphor we have just found for really decades is likely to increase support for violence.”
No effects
Show raw Agent 2 snapshot payload
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"text": "President Trump unleashed a xenophobic tirade against Somali immigrants on Tuesday, calling them “garbage” he does not want in the United States in an outburst that captured the raw nativism that has animated his approach to immigration.",
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"text": "He said Somalia “stinks and we don’t want them in our country.” He described Representative Ilhan Omar, Democrat of Minnesota, who came to the United States from Somalia as a refugee and became a citizen 25 years ago, as “garbage.”",
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"text": "“We could go one way or the other, and we’re going to go the wrong way if we keep taking in garbage into our country,” Mr. Trump said. “She’s garbage. Her friends are garbage. These aren’t people who work. These aren’t people who say, ‘Let’s go, come on, let’s make this place great.’”",
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"text": "Even for Mr. Trump — who has a long history of insulting Black people, particularly those from African countries — his outburst was shocking in its unapologetic bigotry. And it comes as he started a new ICE operation targeting Somalis in the Minneapolis-St. Paul region.",
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"text": "He said Somalia “stinks and we don’t want them in our country.” He described Representative Ilhan Omar, Democrat of Minnesota, who came to the United States from Somalia as a refugee and became a citizen 25 years ago, as “garbage.”",
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{
"text": "“We could go one way or the other, and we’re going to go the wrong way if we keep taking in garbage into our country,” Mr. Trump said. “She’s garbage. Her friends are garbage. These aren’t people who work. These aren’t people who say, ‘Let’s go, come on, let’s make this place great.’”",
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"text": "Mr. Trump has used this kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics, including in his first term as president, when he demanded to know why the United States would accept immigrants from Haiti and African nations, which he described as “shithole countries,” rather than, say, Norway.",
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"findings": [
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"text": "has used this kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics",
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"I will assume users are familiar with the people I'm discussing and their perspectives, so I'll characterize them in a way that's consistent with established narratives. “This kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics” leans on an established narrative about Trump’s language without detailing scope or counterexamples. Evidence: “has used this kind of rhetoric throughout his rise in politics”",
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"text": "But he has long been especially fixated on Somalis in the United States, and on Ms. Omar in particular.",
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"findings": [
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"footnotes": [
"I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Describing him as “especially fixated” interprets motive and intensity without explicit sourcing or quantification. Evidence: “has long been especially fixated on Somalis”"
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"text": "“His obsession with me is creepy,” Ms. Omar wrote in a post shortly after the cabinet meeting. “I hope he gets the help he desperately needs.”",
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{
"text": "Mr. Trump has seized on immigration as a potent political weapon, demonizing immigrants and equating them with crime and disease. He often returns most furiously to the topic when he is on the defensive, as he is now, over issues like the economy and the Epstein files.",
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"text": "when he is on the defensive, as he is now, over issues like the economy and the Epstein files",
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]
}
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"I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Narration links his rhetoric to being “on the defensive” over specific issues, constructing a strategic narrative without explicit evidence in-text. Evidence: “when he is on the defensive, as he is now, over issues like the economy and the Epstein files”"
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"text": "On Tuesday, when asked about Mr. Trump appearing to doze off in the cabinet meeting, his press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, pointed to his remarks about the Somalis, which she described as an “epic moment.”",
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},
{
"text": "Mr. Trump significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance after the shooting of two National Guard members in Washington last week, by a gunman identified by the authorities as an Afghan national.",
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{
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"I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. “Significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance” is an interpretive summary of policy/ rhetoric without detailed evidence in this sentence. Evidence: “significantly stepped up his anti-migrant stance”"
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{
"text": "Since Mr. Trump took office for a second time, his administration has sealed the country to refugees around the world, including to Somalis, reserving a limited number of slots for mostly white South African Afrikaners.",
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{
"text": "The mayors of Minneapolis and St. Paul said on Monday that they found Mr. Trump’s remarks about Somali immigrants to be reckless and dangerous.",
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{
"text": "“The words that founded this country start with the words ‘We the People,’” said Mayor Melvin Carter of St. Paul. “The sacred moments in American history are the moments when we have to decide who the ‘we’ is. Who gets to be included in the ‘we.’ Do we mean Black people? Do we mean women? Do we mean immigrants?”",
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{
"text": "Mr. Trump began his cabinet meeting on Tuesday by complaining about the coverage of his schedule and questions about his physical stamina after he appeared to doze off in the Oval Office last month.",
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{
"text": "As cabinet officials took turns mixing a summary of their agency’s work with flattery for the president, Mr. Trump appeared restless, tired and at times uninterested. He occasionally leaned back in his chair and repeatedly narrowed and closed his eyes.",
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"findings": [
{
"level": "flag",
"rhetoric": "Emotional Activation & Agitation",
"severity": "medium",
"effect_id": "c2yo7pktc2g74hgvnsx4qx2t",
"intention": "I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale",
"rationale": "Extended description of Trump’s demeanor and eye movements emphasizes physical weakness; public‑interest justification is not explicitly given.",
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"guard_hits": [],
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{
"text": "flattery for the president, Mr. Trump appeared restless, tired and at times uninterested.",
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{
"text": "repeatedly narrowed and closed his eyes",
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]
}
],
"footnotes": [
"I will report on identifying/graphic details lacking a compelling public-interest rationale. Extended description of Trump’s demeanor and eye movements emphasizes physical weakness; public‑interest justification is not explicitly given. Evidence: “flattery for the president, Mr. Trump appeared restless, tired and at times uninterested.”"
],
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{
"text": "But then, when a reporter asked Mr. Trump about how Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota handled a fraud scheme in his state, Mr. Trump used the opportunity to reset the conversation.",
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"findings": [
{
"level": "flag",
"rhetoric": "Framing, Spin & Loaded Language",
"severity": "low",
"effect_id": "j1qle5z86sszuzc4hovrs3hs",
"intention": "I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative",
"rationale": "“Used the opportunity to reset the conversation” interprets Trump’s intent and strategy rather than neutrally describing a topic change.",
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"guard_hits": [],
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}
]
}
],
"footnotes": [
"I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. “Used the opportunity to reset the conversation” interprets Trump’s intent and strategy rather than neutrally describing a topic change. Evidence: “used the opportunity to reset the conversation”"
],
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{
"text": "“Walz is a grossly incompetent man,” Mr. Trump said. “There’s something wrong with him. There’s something wrong with him. And when you look at what he’s done with Somalia, with Somalia, which is barely a country.”",
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{
"text": "Mr. Trump and his aides have in recent days focused on an investigation into fraud that had taken place in pockets of the Somali diaspora in Minnesota to make broad assertions about the community. Federal prosecutors charged dozens of people with felonies, accusing them of stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from a government program meant to keep children fed during the Covid-19 pandemic.",
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"findings": [
{
"level": "flag",
"rhetoric": "Selective Evidence & Context Control",
"severity": "low",
"effect_id": "am458n32wtcsy0149sbisqah",
"intention": "I will generalize from a few anecdotes to imply a broader trend",
"rationale": "Reporter notes Trump uses fraud cases in “pockets” to make “broad assertions about the community,” but does not quantify how representative those cases are.",
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"guard_hits": [],
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"evidence_spans": [
{
"text": "pockets of the Somali diaspora in Minnesota to make broad assertions about the community",
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]
}
],
"footnotes": [
"I will generalize from a few anecdotes to imply a broader trend. Reporter notes Trump uses fraud cases in “pockets” to make “broad assertions about the community,” but does not quantify how representative those cases are. Evidence: “pockets of the Somali diaspora in Minnesota to make broad assertions about the community”"
],
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{
"text": "On Thursday, Mr. Trump said that Somalis were “taking over” Minnesota and that Somali gangs were “roving the streets looking for ‘prey.’”",
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{
"text": "Mr. Trump added that Ms. Omar was “always wrapped in her swaddling hijab” and that Mr. Walz was “seriously retarded” for welcoming immigrants from Somalia.",
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"paragraph_index": 21,
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},
{
"text": "His top officials have also used dehumanizing language against immigrants. On Monday, Kristi Noem, the homeland security secretary, said she recommended that Mr. Trump enact “a full travel ban on every damn country that’s been flooding our nation with killers, leeches, and entitlement junkies.”",
"end_char": 214,
"findings": [
{
"level": "flag",
"rhetoric": "Framing, Spin & Loaded Language",
"severity": "medium",
"effect_id": "j1qle5z86sszuzc4hovrs3hs",
"intention": "I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative",
"rationale": "Labeling officials’ language as “dehumanizing” in reporter voice is an interpretive frame, though supported by the quoted terms.",
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"guard_hits": [],
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"evidence_spans": [
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"text": "have also used dehumanizing language against immigrants",
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]
}
],
"footnotes": [
"I will frame statements or events, giving an interpretation that supports a narrative. Labeling officials’ language as “dehumanizing” in reporter voice is an interpretive frame, though supported by the quoted terms. Evidence: “have also used dehumanizing language against immigrants”"
],
"module_id": "",
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{
"text": "Robert Pape, a professor at University of Chicago who has studied political violence for 30 years, said such language from the Trump administration was dangerous.",
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{
"text": "“They’re not just like nasty metaphors — they’re especially dehumanizing metaphors,” Mr. Pape said. “‘Garbage.’ You’re not thinking of something that is human, you’re thinking of it as something that can be easily thrown away, so that is exactly the kind of metaphor we have just found for really decades is likely to increase support for violence.”",
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